| Integrating spheres are used for measurements of the reflectance or transmittance from samples, which are scattering, because they collect the entire radiation going into the hemisphere. The detectors are placed in the sphere-wall and see a radiation density, which are uniform at each part of the sphere wall and directly proportional to the hemispherical reflectance or transmittance of the sample.
The spheres are useful for the specular measurement of plane samples, too, because difficult adjustment of the detectors could be avoided. This fact is important for in-line measurements, especially. 用于測量積分球的反射或透射散射從樣品,因為他們收集整個輻射進入大腦半球。探測器固定放置在sphere-wall,看見一個輻射密度,在每一部分是均勻的球體的墻壁和直接成正比的,并在此基礎上提出樣品的反射或透射。這些球是有用的高光測量飛機的樣品,也因為困難的調整檢測器的可以避免的。這很重要,特別是在線測量。 Different wall materials are available: 不同的墻體材料可供選擇: Barium-sulphate or PTFE for the solar range （0.3µm to 2.5µm） Barium-sulphate或聚四氟乙烯為太陽能范圍（0.3µm到2.5µm） Diffuse-gold for the infrared range （1µm – 25µm Diffuse-gold為紅外范圍（1µm - 25µm |
